Cuckoo hash
A fast, O(1) hashing algorithm from Pagh and Rodler (2001).
A set of hash tables is constructed with multiple independent hashing algorithms. An entry is stored in a table based on its hash; if there is a collision, a second hash is computed, and the entry is stored in the other table. Multiple collisions are resolved by evicting entries into their alternate locations. If loops are found in the eviction process, the tables will need to be expanded or the hash algorithms changed.
Paper is Pagh01.
A tutorial from Adriann.
A visualization from LKozma.
A Stanford CS 166 lecture.